Piston



May 7, 1940. 4w. FLlNlcHuM PISTON Filed Feb. l; .1.937

Patented M., 7, 1940 UNITED STATES VPATENT foin-Ica william Weldon Funchum, oklahoma city, oki.

Application February 1, 1937, serial No, 123,550

Claims.

This invention relates to a piston, of a composite type, and particularlyone wherein the ele- Aments thereof are full floating and so= associated that they may be removed. as a composite 5 unit, Afrom the mandrelupon which they are placed, and wherein certain of the rings ofv the piston, during each stroke, are protected againstv pressure under which other rings are moving.

'I'he invention also comprehends an association of elements, that will furnish the desired amount of resistance to'ow in either direction on movement of the piston and between it and the wall of the cylinder and the wall of the mandrel.

This will insure a maximum amount of impact l5 and pressure upon the iluid column during the movement of the piston for the purpose of establishing a continuous and non-leaking fluid flow as piston moves.

Within the purview of the invention, it is dezo signed to so relate the parts that each will be interdependent, and each of them to independently develop a pressure outwardly to the cylinder wall; inwardly to the mandrel) wall, and

cut the faces of certain elements of the piston in arcuation, as to both increase the reception of pressure and distribute that pressureover the arcuate faces of these elements to prevent the inso trusion of sand between them and the wall of the cylinder and the mandrel.

In this connection, itis an object of the invention to permit the pressure against the arcuated facings to provide a seal of such faced ele- 35 ments against the bearing surfaces to which they bear during each piston stroke.

It is also'an importantobject of the invention, to support the aforesaid element with relation to a purposely formed mandrel adapted to 4 assume a pressure which ultimately. induces a seal against leakage between the piston and the shell or cylinder, as well as between the piston and the mandrel.

It is also an important object of the inven- 45 tion to provide a structure which will not only `function as stated, but which can be quickly assembled, and, in which the various parts are so associated, that the function of one part will be dependent upon another part and cause a unified 50 function of the parts.

With the above in view, an embodiment of the invention is disclosed on the accompanying sheet of drawings, forming a part of the specification.

In this drawing, a view comprehensive in de- I 55. tail, sets forth the embodiment aforesaid.

Upon a tapering spindle I is applied a head 2 having a dished portion 3 the seat whereof registers with the breast 4 of the spindle I. This head is provided with a. radially and angularly extending Harige-5, provided with sand out- 5 lets' 6, and the inner side of this iiange is arcuated at I to form a seat 8, against which dual pressure of one of the elements willbe applied.

From the head 2 proceeds a mandrel 9 of lesser dimension than the head 2, and between 10 these parts there is formed a shoulder Ill.

Against -the free end of the mandrel 9 is placed a-second head ,Ii corresponding to the head 2 and forms a second shoulderv I2 between it and the mandrel and this head is also formedinto a flaring ange i3 having sand outlet I4 and an inner arcuated face I5 terminating in a seat I -6 against which one of the elements will impinge.

Into the dlshed portion I'I and upon the spindle I is placed the nut I8 for holding the parts 20 -together and upon thefspindle I, held against anti-clockwise movement by a .jamb nut I9.

Prior to the application of head I I on the spindle I a resilient ring is placed on the body of the ring 2 which has an arcuated face corre- 25 sponding to the arcuated face of the ,flange 5, and also has a lip-edge 2l which is forced into the seat 8. This not only provides for the prevention of sand passing between the ring 20 and the face of the head 2, which passes out through the sand outlets B'but, as will appear, will also provide a base from which pressure may be transmitted to the periphery of the ring 20.

Uponthe body of the head-2, and in juxtaposition with the rear face of the ring 2li is a fabric 35 ring 22 which on one face is substantially in alignment with the vertical side of' the head 2 at the shoulder i0, and provides a wall against which rests a metallic ring 23 of lesser diameter than the ring 22,` so as to permit the applica- 4o tion of a resilient 'band 24 to its periphery. To

the face of this metallic ring 23 is applied another i'abric ring 25 which also rests uponl the body of the mandrel 9.

Next is applied a resilient piston ring 26 of 45- the seat I8 in the flange Il. This arrangement, as previously stated will prevent both the e of the sand to and between this ring 2i andthe head II, and also provide a base for transmission of stress from this ring to the periphery of the ring 3|.

- The cross-sectional area of the rings 2l and 2i is sumcient to permit the perimeters of these rings to overhang the flanges 5 and M to form pressure receiving pockets 2.4 and 25 which force beaks 26 and 31 out against the wall ofthe cylinder when pressure' is developed during the operation of the piston, This prevents rosebudding, by the outward radial pressure of these beaks against thewall of the cylinder, will form an ace Normally, all of the .peripheries of the elements of the piston are in alignment with each other when not under pressure. When, however, upon .movement of the piston in` reversed directions, -for instance, as indicated at arrows B and F, each of the .elements of the piston will yield both to displacement through axial movement and also to fiexure radially during the axial movements of each part of the composite structure.

For instance,assuming a piston stroke to be in the direction of the arrow F, the flange 24 will assume the pressure in correspondence with the reverse pressure arrow F and transmit it axially through 3l, 39, all, 21, 28, 2l and 22 to and against the shoulder I0, which can be seen by the diagrammatic directional lines above the flgur on the drawing. f

When the pressure is exerted, the metallic rings 28 will move away from the shoulder Il, and force the metallicring 23 against the shoulders I0, and this holds the pressure from elements 2l and 3i in either direction. During this pressure transmission of each element from 24 tnrough to Ill. each one of the element'shas a relative radial flexure Adeveloping an outward pressure of each of them against the lining of the cylinder. How-` ever, in the majority of them, this pressure will be in proportion' to the cross-sectional area of each resilient element. The resilient element 2l having the greater cross-sectional area will develop a radial arc as at D that will form during the periods ofpressure'transmission, in either direction upon reciprocating the piston.

Contrawise, `the piston stroke B will develop pressure from B, and transmit it Afrom 35 to I2 through 20, 22, 22, 25, 2,8. 21 and 28 in asimilar way and with similar results as Just explained.

During each stroke all of the piston rings will move in a direction opposed to the directionV of the stroke., except during one stroke, 22 will be stopped by im'pinging shoulder I0. and during the V other stroke, ring 28 will be, estopped by imdirection is complete, then the displacement of each element forces'its periphery out away from solidarity.

the centre, and against the wall of the cylinder.

By the movementaxlally ofthe metallic rings 22 and 28, by the pressure developed at the radial iianges either 2l or 21, the side walls of each ele-y ment will Vbe'iorced one against the other, and

prevent separation which would tend to weaken not only the structure but the 'elementsthereot This will also so substantially unify the behaviour v of the elements, as to vulcanize them :one to the other by the heat generated during reciprocation,

so that the piston, as such is removable as a unit n from the spindle I.

" The transmission ofthe resilient, as well as.

the resisting elements, forcing radial expansion under given pressures provides an efficient piston and seal which will meet the needs of a device of this character. y l For the purpose of providing means for the escape of the sand from between the inner walls of the anges 5 and I3 and the rings 20 and 3|, the openings 6 and Il may be so shaped and their centres directed in such a way, that sand may be ejected when it accumulates between the flanges and the rings.

It is anoto-be remembered, that, yif desired, the fabric rings 22 and 2l may be omitted, and the rings zo' and n 'may be widened so that their .faces of rings 20 and Il may bear against the metallic rings 22 and 20, since the pressure from.y the beaks 36 and 31 is alternately and finallyl transmitted to the opposite metallic rings, as for instance, from 2l to 2l or fron 21 to 23, which,

as aforesaid, will Varc the member 2las seen at D. VIt will now be seen that there is provided a pisthe two outer pressure receiving rings whereof are provided with arcuated faces to form arcuated rims that find lodgement in a like arcuated seat in each radial flange, and the seating of these through the cross-sectional area of the rings and iinally overr to the opposed metallic rings which rest against their respective shoulders tov receive the -pressure and hold it, and thus produce an'arc virtually in each one of the perimeters of the various'iiexible rings.

Itis a question purely of behaviour and assembly,'whether o r not it'shall be expedient to place the ringsin juxtaposition one to the other o n the heads andthe mandrel and simply allow each ring to4 have an interdependent and relative behaviour .during the operation of the pistonor it may be, that for stress-transmissional purposes, it shall be expedient. to vulcanize these rings into Both oi' the considerations are contemplated in the exercise of this invention.

Since the pressure or stress transmission is de'l slgnedto primarily affect the perimeter-movement of the rings, in their arclng as expressed, the 'bands 24- and 2l surrounding the metallic rings 2|I and 2l will contribute their transmitting -emciency from 22 and 25 and from 21 and 2l as the stress is delivered from 31 to I0 and from 22 to I2.

It is to be especially noticed that the arrangev Y' ment provided gives to the piston a perimeter alignment which is only changed or modified when pressure is applied in either direction froml g For B and this will not only balance the piston' in me cylinder, but win protect the life of the 'ton having a composite body of associated rings The arcuated faces of the flanges i and I3 forming the seats l and I6, as they do, will also cause the pressure from 36 and 31 to flow into the seats, and prevent bulging of the rings 20 an 3| into the openings 6 and I3. Having thus set forth the invention, I claim:

1.- In a piston, the combination with a mandrel having an opening to receive a piston-rod, of a head diametrically larger than the mandrel and forming between the head and mandrel a pressure-receiving shoulder, a second headfadapted to be placedon the mandrel and forming a second pressure receiving shoulder, means to hold said second head to the mandrel, plural rings mounted upon each head, and means 'co-operating with said shoulders for preventing pressure from reaching the plural rings alternately during piston strokes, intermediately disposed rings movably mounted between the pressure preventative means, said intermediately disposed rings being of fabric and highly resilient material.

`2. In a piston, the combination with a` mandrel, having an axial opening to receive a piston-rod, of a head on said piston rod and diametrically larger than the mandrel, a pressure abutment between said mandrel and said head, a ange with an inner and an outer face angular to the axis of the mandrel, a like second head adapted to be applied to the mandrel, alike flange for said second head, a pressure abutment between the mandrel and the said second head, means to hold the portable head to the mandrel, plural rings mounted on each head, metallic rings mounted on the' mandrel and adapted alternately to co-operate with the pressure abutments to protect alternately the plural rings against pressure, an inter.

mediate highly' resilient ring iloatable upon the mandrel, and fabric rings between the highly resilient and the metallic rings.

3. In a piston, the combination with a mandrel having an axial opening to receive the spindle of a piston-rod, of a head diametrically larger than the mandrel and forming between the head and mandrel a pressure-receiving abutment at an' angle to the axis of the head and mandrel, a said head removable from the mandrel, a pressurereceiving abutment between said second head and the mandrel, means to secure the head to the mandrel, plural rings on each head. metallic rings on the lmandrel of cross-sectional size greater than the plural rings, an intermediately disposed highly resilient ring of greater cross-sectional dimension, than and of the rings, fabric rings ben tween the intermediately disposed highly resilient ring and the metallic rings, and pressure receiving beaks carried by one ring on each head and having an axial openingi'or the reception of a spindle ofa piston rod, of an enlarged head integral therewith, of a pressure abutment at an angle to the axis of the mandrel and an abutment at the mandrel and the head, a second head, a second pressure abutment at an angle to the axis of the mandrel and an abutment at the mandrel and the head, resilient and fabric rings on each head, a" flange on each head for holding the resilient rings, beaks carried by the resilient rings, and overhanging the Viange, metallic rings mountable and movable upon the body of the mandrel,

' intermediaterings between the metallic rings for transmitting pressure from one metallic ring to the other alternately, and resilient rings mounted upon the metallic rings to form a continuous elongated surface for the piston.

5. 'In a piston, the combination with a mandrel having an elongated axial opening to receive the spindle of a piston rod, of a head placed on said spindle, an outwardly extended ange on said head and having sand emission openings, a second headradapted to be placed onvthe spindle and against the end oi' the mandrel, means to hold said second head to the mandrel, oating rings on each head, floating pressure receiving rings on the mandrel, pressure receiving abutments between each head and the mandrel, and,

with which alternately the pressurey receiving lrings co-operate, an enlarged resilient ring between the pressure receiving rings, fabric rings between the pressure receiving rings and the resilient ring, each pressure receiving ring holding the pressure from the head floating rings. altere' nately from one head floating ring while pressure is upon the other head iloating ring.

WHJJAMWELDONFLINCHUH. l0v 

